Bibliographic description
The IPTC-NAA standards [on line]. Controlled Vocabulary. Available on:
http://www.controlledvocabulary.com/imagedatabases/iptc_naa.html
Dublin Core
Title : The IPTC-NAA standards
Creator : ?
Subject : metadata / IPTC / image description / image database
Description : "A controlled vocabulary can be useful in describing images and information when organizing and classifying content for image databases."
Publisher : Controlled Vocabulary
Date : ?
Type : Article
Format : HTML
Identifier : http://www.controlledvocabulary.com/imagedatabases/iptc_naa.html
Source : http://www.controlledvocabulary.com/
Language : En
Relation : -
Coverage : ?
Rights : -
Extract
Each image file can be saved using Adobe Photoshop with this text information embedded within the file. Anyone that's worked around newspapers, with digital images or image databases for a while has probably heard the acronyms IPTC or IPTC-NAA tossed around, usually when discussing the use of the File Info feature of photoshop. But few understand what they mean or stand for. The short story is that IPTC, the International Press Telecommunications Council, was one of the groups responsible for encouraging the standards necessary to“marry” the text information describing an image with the image data itself. The NAA is the Newspaper Association of America (formerly ANPA), and they also have been responsible for developing standards for exchanging information between news operations, including information used to describe images. [...]
Standards regarding metadata for news images have evolved over time, beginning in the 1970's when some were first issued as“guidelines.” However, most of these efforts were regional in nature, and focused on text. As news organizations moved from manual typewriters to CRTs (Cathode Ray Tubes) and VDTs (Video Display Terminals) these standards were revised and became more specific. Only later, as the world embraced the web, did the standards begin to address multimedia content.
In 1979, the International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) approved its first news exchange standard IPTC 7901. This provided metadata and content in plain text only; the only delimiters allowed were spaces and line breaks...
Showing posts with label METADATA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label METADATA. Show all posts
Sunday, 25 March 2007
Saturday, 24 March 2007
Photo classification by integrating image content and camera metadata
Bibliographic description
BOUTELL, M., LUO, Jiebo. Photo classification by integrating image content and camera metadata. Rochester University, MN, USA: Department of Computer Science, 23 august 2004. Available on: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1333918
Dublin Core
Title : Photo classification by integrating image content and camera metadata
Creator : Boutell, M. Jiebo Luo
Subject : Image classification / content-based /metadata / semantic classification
Description :
Publisher : IEEE EXPLORE
Date : 2004-08-23
Type : article
Format : PDF
Identifier : http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1333918
Source : http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp
Language : En
Relation : -
Coverage : USA
Rights : Copyright 2006 IEEE
Abstract
Despite years of research, semantic classification of unconstrained photos is still an open problem. Existing systems have only used features derived from the image content. However, Exif metadata recorded by the camera provides cues independent of the scene content that can be exploited to improve classification accuracy. Using the problem of indoor-outdoor classification as an example, analysis of metadata statistics for each class revealed that exposure time, flash use, and subject distance are salient cues. We use a Bayesian network to integrate heterogeneous (content-based and metadata) cues in a robust fashion. Based on extensive experimental results, we make two observations: (1) adding metadata to content-based cues gives highest accuracies; and (2) metadata cues alone can outperform content-based cues alone for certain applications, leading to a system with high performance, yet requiring very little computational overhead. The benefit of incorporating metadata cues can be expected to generalize to other scene classification problems.
BOUTELL, M., LUO, Jiebo. Photo classification by integrating image content and camera metadata. Rochester University, MN, USA: Department of Computer Science, 23 august 2004. Available on: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1333918
Dublin Core
Title : Photo classification by integrating image content and camera metadata
Creator : Boutell, M. Jiebo Luo
Subject : Image classification / content-based /metadata / semantic classification
Description :
Publisher : IEEE EXPLORE
Date : 2004-08-23
Type : article
Format : PDF
Identifier : http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1333918
Source : http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp
Language : En
Relation : -
Coverage : USA
Rights : Copyright 2006 IEEE
Abstract
Despite years of research, semantic classification of unconstrained photos is still an open problem. Existing systems have only used features derived from the image content. However, Exif metadata recorded by the camera provides cues independent of the scene content that can be exploited to improve classification accuracy. Using the problem of indoor-outdoor classification as an example, analysis of metadata statistics for each class revealed that exposure time, flash use, and subject distance are salient cues. We use a Bayesian network to integrate heterogeneous (content-based and metadata) cues in a robust fashion. Based on extensive experimental results, we make two observations: (1) adding metadata to content-based cues gives highest accuracies; and (2) metadata cues alone can outperform content-based cues alone for certain applications, leading to a system with high performance, yet requiring very little computational overhead. The benefit of incorporating metadata cues can be expected to generalize to other scene classification problems.
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